*Free Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System Answers Key [PDF]. Save as PDF balance of Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System Study Guide Answers.

• Cardiovascular System Packet

How do you calculate cardiac output (formula)? Heart rate x stroke volume How much blood is contained in the average human?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart. Which (arteries or veins) carries oxygenated blood? arteries Name the one vessel that is the exception: pulmonary artery 3.

What do you call the loose, outer layer of the sac around the heart? pericardium What side points toward the heart (inside layer)? visceral What layer is on the outside? parietal 4. When vessels expand, it is called vasodilation When they contract?

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vasoconstriction 5. Briefly describe the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium epicardium = outer layer endocardium = inner layer, lining the chambers of the heart myocardium = muscle layer of the heart 6. Describe the size and location of the heart. Size of a fist, center of chest Where is the apex of the heart located?

point of the heart What divides the left and right side of the heart? septum Which side of the heart is more muscular? left side What bone lies directly in front of the heart? sternum 7. During systole, the aortic valve is open. During diastole, the aortic valve is closed. Veins and arteries meet at capillaries , where nutrients are exchanged with body tissues.

Arteries branch into smaller vessels called arterioles. Veins also have smaller branches called venuoles. What three things push blood back to the heart (through the veins)? Diaphragm, movement of skeletal muscles, sphincters (valves) What are pre-capillary sphincters? openings into capillaries that can close 9. Describe the function of the sinoatrial node and trace the path of a nerve (cardiac) impulse through the cardiac conduction system.

What is the pacemaker? SA node, regulates the pace of the heart What fibers cause a contraction in the ventricle? Perkinje Fibers Where is the AV node located? Between right atrium and ventricle of the heart (AV stands for atrioventricular) 10.

What do the terms tachycardia and bradycardia mean? What is arrhythmia? Be able to identify these on an ECG. Tachycardia = rapid heart rate; bradycardia = slow heart rate; arrhymia = irregular heart rate 11. Generally speaking, when the ventricle contracts, the atrium relaxes Any contraction (atrial or ventricular) is called systole Relaxing is called diastole. At what point is blood pressure at its highest? During ventricular contraction 13.

Identify the P-Wave, the QRS complex and a T wave on an ECG. P is the first small bump, QRS is the large peak, and T is the small wave after the peak What is an ECG? (Be able to analyze one) - electrocardiogram 14. What is a defibrillator used for? How does it work? Shocks the heart back to its normal rhythm 15.

What are systolic pressure and diastolic pressure? What is the “normal” blood pressure for a human? Systolic is the high upper number, diastolic is the lower number. Normal pressure is 120/80 16.

What two piece of equipment are needed to take a person’s blood pressure? Stethoscope and sphygmomanometer Describe the procedure: the stethoscope is places at the brachial artery (elbow) and the cuff is wrapped around the arm, the cuff is inflated and then the valve is released slowly. The first time you hear the sound of a heart beat is the systolic pressure. The cuff continues to deflate until you no longer hear the sound, this is the diastolic pressure. Name and give the function of all four valves of the heart.

Some have multiple names; make sure you know all of them. Right atrioventricular valve is also the tricuspid; left atrioventricular valve is also the bicuspid, or mitral valve 18. Blood that moves from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart again is in the pulmonary circuit. Blood moving throughout the body is in the systemic circuit. List the three major vessels that branch off of the aortic arch. You may want to draw a diagram.

Cardiovascular System Packet

Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian 20. Label all of the major vessels that attach to the heart. Superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta 21. Label a diagram of the heart and trace the flow of blood through the heart.